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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*jakyl-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of small hawkface="Times New Roman Star"âèä íåáîëüøîãî ÿñòðåáà


face="Times New Roman Star"jag|ylbajface="Times New Roman Star"jag|labaj (Ettuhf.)




face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|ylbaj
face="Times New Roman Star"jan|albaj 'siskin'





face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ag|almajface="Times New Roman Star"z?ag|altaj
face="Times New Roman Star"jag|ylbaj





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 186, ÝÑÒß 4, 10-11.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jom-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 big number, quantity, all 2 to come together, assembleface="Times New Roman Star"1 áîëüøîå ÷èñëî, êîëè÷åñòâî, âñå 2 ñîáèðàòü(ñÿ)face="Times New Roman Star"jomg|y (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jomg|y (MK) 1, jomyt- (MK) 2face="Times New Roman Star"jumus?- 2 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"jomut- 2 (Houts.)

face="Times New Roman Star"jumyt-, jumut- 2
















face="Times New Roman Star"jom-, jomul-, jumul- 2


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 935, ÝÑÒß 4, 219-220.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 pest, epidemic 2 mischief 3 archenemyface="Times New Roman Star"1 ÷óìà, ýïèäåìèÿ 2 íåñ÷àñòüå 3 çàêëÿòûé âðàã
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr (jag|y) 3face="Times New Roman Star"kyran 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qiran 2



face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr (dus?man) 3




face="Times New Roman Star"kyr (o"sto":x) 3












face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265, ÝÑÒß 6, 224. Cf. also PT *Kurul- 'to have cramps' (VEWT 304).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyp-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 spark 2 ashesface="Times New Roman Star"1 èñêðà 2 çîëà


face="Times New Roman Star"qypqyn 1





face="Times New Roman Star"xybyn 1,2
face="Times New Roman Star"qybyn 1, qybyr 2

face="Times New Roman Star"kybyan 1


face="Times New Roman Star"qypyn 1face="Times New Roman Star"qypqyn 2







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 263, 265, Ëåêñèêà 369, ÝÑÒß 6, 223.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"g-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to praise 2 to rejoiceface="Times New Roman Star"1 õâàëèòü 2 ðàäîâàòüñÿface="Times New Roman Star"o"g- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.), o"gir- 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"g- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"o"g|-, o"v- 1





face="Times New Roman Star"o"w- 1




face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o":ru"- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o":r- 2





face="Times New Roman Star"o"v- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 100, 113, VEWT 369, ÝÑÒß 1, 494-495, Stachowski 251.
face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)a:g-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to riseface="Times New Roman Star"ïîäíèìàòüñÿface="Times New Roman Star"ag|- (Yen., OUygh.), ag|-tur- (ñaus.) (Orkh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ag|- (MK, KB)

face="Times New Roman Star"ag|-



face="Times New Roman Star"a:g|- 'to overflow'











face="Times New Roman Star"awa-la- (of the sun)
face="Times New Roman Star"a:- 'to vaporize'



face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 77, ÝÑÒß 1, 68-70. ÝÑÒß is probably right in distinguishing the roots *(i)a:g- (à:g|- I) 'to rise' and *ia:g- (à:g| II) 'to turn over, fall', although the former is only sparsely represented in modern languages, having for the most part dissolved within the reflexes of the latter. In OT the stems ag|- 'to rise' and ag|na- 'to tumble, roll on one's back' are quite clearly distinct.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"kelekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"gad-flyface="Times New Roman Star"îâîä







face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ja"la"kface="Times New Roman Star"bo"kelek




face="Times New Roman Star"bu"gu"lex, bu"gu"je












face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 212-213, Ëåêñèêà 185.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jan|yr/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"lonely, singleface="Times New Roman Star"îäèíîêèé, åäèíñòâåííûéface="Times New Roman Star"jan|us (Yen.)





face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|ys
face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|yz (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|ys, nag|ys
face="Times New Roman Star"d'an|ys

face="Times New Roman Star"sog|otox
face="Times New Roman Star"c?an|ys; jan|g|ys (Todzh.)face="Times New Roman Star"n/u:?sface="Times New Roman Star"z?|an|g|yz

face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|yzface="Times New Roman Star"z?|an|g|yz




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 187, ÄÒÑ 235, ÝÑÒß 4, 98. Usually regarded as a contraction < jalan|g|uz, which is probably wrong in the face of external evidence.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Al/uface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"red clay, ochreface="Times New Roman Star"êðàñíàÿ ãëèíà
face="Times New Roman Star"as?u (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"as?y, dial. as?u, as?ur, Osmanli as?u
face="Times New Roman Star"as?y (AH 6)























face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 30, EDT 256, Ëåêñèêà 376.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ekerface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"hunting dogface="Times New Roman Star"îõîòíè÷üÿ ñîáàêà


face="Times New Roman Star"ige|r (Sib.)face="Times New Roman Star"iger (Áóä.)





face="Times New Roman Star"egerface="Times New Roman Star"egerface="Times New Roman Star"egerface="Times New Roman Star"agar jytti ( > Hung. aga/r, see Gombocz 1912)





face="Times New Roman Star"eger (Kum.)face="Times New Roman Star"ige|r 'a bastard of a wolf and a dog'





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 38, 23.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kol/a- (*Kul/a-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîäïîÿñûâàòü 2 ïîÿñ, êóøàêface="Times New Roman Star"1 to girdle 2 girdle

face="Times New Roman Star"kus?a- 1, kus?ak 2face="Times New Roman Star"qus?aq 2 (arch.)face="Times New Roman Star"qus?aq 2 (Pav. C.)



face="Times New Roman Star"Gus?aq 2











face="Times New Roman Star"qus?aq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qus?aq 2



face="Times New Roman Star"The stem should be probably distinguished historically from *Kol/- 'to couple, bind', although contaminations were possible. Turk. > Russ. êóøàê (Äìèòðèåâ 1958, 28, Øèïîâà 216).
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ar-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 snow dust 2 fogface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîðîøà 2 òóìàí
face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) c?as 2face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) c?ars 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?as 2 (dial.)







face="Times New Roman Star"dial. (Leb.) s?ars?a 1








face="Times New Roman Star"sar 'animal trace on snow'face="Times New Roman Star"c?ars 2



face="Times New Roman Star"c?ars 2face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 29, 35. The derivative *c?ar-s is somewhat peculiar morphologically and could be a loanword - from the (unattested) Mong. *c?ar-su(n) (?). {Oyr. c?arym was removed from this etymology, but probably unjustly: the Komi source c/are?m 'snow crust', as well as c/ars id. are much better explained as borrowed from Turkic than vice versa. The form is traced back to Ur. *s/arV in UEW 464, but the consonantism is quite irregular; other parallels proposed by Helimsky are Saam. c?arava - with irregular vocalism - and Selk. c?/o|:rpy, closely resembling Tofalar c?arpyn|. A complicated case, but explanation of the existing scattered Uralic forms from Turkic is at least not preferable to vice versa.}
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?y:gan/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 poor 2 mischief 3 impolite, roughface="Times New Roman Star"1 áåäíûé 2 áåäà, íåñ÷àñòüå 3 ãðóáûé, íåó÷òèâûéface="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|an/ (Orkh.), c?yg|aj (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|aj (MK), c?yg|an (MK - Argu) 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|aj, c?yg|an (dial.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|aj (R), c?yg|an (R, Pav. C.) 1




face="Times New Roman Star"sa:j 2face="Times New Roman Star"s?a:j 2












face="Times New Roman Star"c?yjyr 2 (with an unexplained -r)

face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|yn 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 107, EDT 408-409, Ëåêñèêà 334. Chuv. c?uxan 'poor' may be of different origin (cf. an aberrant reflex of *g), cf. c?ux 'mediocre', c?uxú 'poor' ( < *jok?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jyparface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"smell, perfume, muskface="Times New Roman Star"çàïàõ, àðîìàò, ìóñêóñface="Times New Roman Star"jypar (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jypar (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jypar (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"jifar, z?|ufarface="Times New Roman Star"jypar (Houts.), ipar (AH), jybar (Pav. C.)









face="Times New Roman Star"sybar


face="Times New Roman Star"z?|yparface="Times New Roman Star"z?upar
face="Times New Roman Star"jofar


face="Times New Roman Star"z?uparface="Times New Roman Star"ju'ar, jux|ar
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 878-879, VEWT 201, ÝÑÒß 4, 284.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kac?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"slantingface="Times New Roman Star"êîñîé

face="Times New Roman Star"kac?ykface="Times New Roman Star"qaz|aj- (Sib.)





face="Times New Roman Star"xaz?|y-, xasxax 'bent backward'face="Times New Roman Star"qazyr- 'to bend'

face="Times New Roman Star"xos/- 'to bend'

face="Times New Roman Star"xaz?yj-tyr










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217, Àøì. XVI, 242-246.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kej-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to go awayface="Times New Roman Star"óõîäèòü













face="Times New Roman Star"kaj-













face="Times New Roman Star"Attested only in Chuvash; PT antiquity is dubious.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gen|ir/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"nasal cavityface="Times New Roman Star"ïîëîñòü íîñà

face="Times New Roman Star"geniz




face="Times New Roman Star"ga"niz, ga"nzikface="Times New Roman Star"gen|z-ew 'nasal'




face="Times New Roman Star"ken|eri: 'bridge of nose'


face="Times New Roman Star"ken|ilz?|er








face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 27, Ëåêñèêà 216.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)arync?-g|aface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 ant 2 tickface="Times New Roman Star"1 ìóðàâåé 2 êëåù
face="Times New Roman Star"qarync?aq (MK: Oghuz) 1face="Times New Roman Star"karynz?|a 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qarync?g|a (Sangl., Qutb.), qarync?a (Houts.) 1


face="Times New Roman Star"Garys?g|a 1face="Times New Roman Star"Garynz?|a 2face="Times New Roman Star"xarc?yx 2












face="Times New Roman Star"qarymz?|e| 1



face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 662, VEWT 238, ÝÑÒß 5, 323, Ëåêñèêà 184. Turk. > Kalm. xac?ig (KW 173) 'irgendeine Made in der Nase des Kamels' (or is it rather < Turk. qatqyc??).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyjl/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to bow, bendface="Times New Roman Star"ãíóòüñÿ, êðèâèòüñÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"qys?- (MK) 'to deviate'face="Times New Roman Star"kys?-


face="Times New Roman Star"qijs?aj-

face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:s?ar-








face="Times New Roman Star"qyjs?aj-face="Times New Roman Star"qyjsaqta-face="Times New Roman Star"qyjsaj-face="Times New Roman Star"qyjs?anda-face="Times New Roman Star"qyjsaj- < Nogh.




face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 670, VEWT 268, TMN 3, 571-573.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jib-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 instrument, equipment 2 to provide, equipface="Times New Roman Star"1 èíñòðóìåíò, îáîðóäîâàíèå 2 îáîðóäîâàòü, ñíàáæàòüface="Times New Roman Star"jivig 1, jivit- 2 (OUygh.)



























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 872, 875.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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